Hasankeyf -Turkey

• One of the important relics moved from the ancient city of Hasankeyf on the banks of the Tigris River is the magnificent Roman bridge, an important ancient crossing over the Tigris River.
• Another important artifact is the tomb of Zeynel Bey, a prominent Seljuk ruler. A fine example of Seljuk architecture, this tomb reflects the splendor of the dynasty during its rule in Hasankeyf.
• A large number of rock-cut dwellings and structures carved into the cliffs of Hasankeyf have been moved to the Archaeological Park. These structures offer a window into the daily lives and architectural innovations of the region’s ancient inhabitants.

Hasankeyf Archaeological Park 

Visitors to the Archaeological Park can examine these artifacts up close and gain insight into the ancient lives and stories preserved within. This area is not only a repository of history, but also a tribute to Hasankeyf’s resilience in preserving its cultural richness against the challenges of modern development.

Hasankeyf’s history dates back to the Neolithic age, when it played a strategic role along ancient trade routes. This positioning brought a variety of influences from the Assyrians, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans, each of which left their mark on the city’s cultural landscape. Despite the modern threat posed by the Ilısu Dam, the essence of Hasankeyf lives on through the preserved artifacts in the Arkeopark, inviting visitors to travel back in time and connect with the civilizations that once flourished here.

Hasankeyf Castle is located on the banks of the Tigris River, perched 200 meters above the river on a rocky elevation. It was originally established as a center for a Syriac bishopric by the Byzantines in AD 363. Following the spread of Christianity in the region, the bishopric at Hasankeyf was elevated to a cardinal status by a decree from the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451. Known also as "Hısno Koyfa," meaning "Rock Castle," it is considered one of the most formidable Byzantine fortifications in the east.

After approximately 300 years under Byzantine rule, serving a religious function, Hasankeyf Castle came under the influence of various Islamic states, including the Abbasids, Marwanids, and Hamdanids. It was conquered in 638 by İyaz bin Ghanm, a commander under Khalid ibn al-Walid. Following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which marked the Seljuks' entry into Anatolia, the region fell under the control of the Artuqid dynasty. The castle was refurbished and populated during the Artuqid period and served as the capital of their territory from 1101 to 1231. When the Mongols invaded in 1260, the inhabitants of Hasankeyf abandoned the city and took refuge in the castle and nearby caves, partially escaping the tyranny of Hulagu Khan.

Hasankeyf Castle features two main gates: the eastern gate known as Imam Abdullah Gate and the western gate called the Secret Gate. Access to the castle is provided by stair-like paths that ascend along the fortress walls, which also feature numerous inscriptions. To supply water to the castle, two reinforced paths were constructed to the Tigris River—one open and one hidden—both equipped with 200 steps and still in sturdy condition today. These features have made Hasankeyf Castle a site of both defensive and strategic importance throughout history.

The Great Mosque (Ulu Camii) of Hasankeyf was constructed in the 14th century during the Artuqid dynasty period and has served as the spiritual and cultural center of Hasankeyf. Located beside the Tigris River in the central part of the city, the mosque is a significant symbol of the region's Islamic art and architecture.

The mosque stands out with its expansive courtyard, tall minaret, and intricate stonework. The interior is adorned with extensive decorations, geometric patterns, and wall panels inscribed with verses from the Quran. The materials and construction techniques used in the mosque reflect the local and religious architectural styles of the period, contributing significantly to Hasankeyf's historical and cultural fabric.

The Great Mosque of Hasankeyf is both an architectural and cultural heritage site, providing valuable insights into the development of Islamic art and faith systems in the region. It has served as a hub for religious ceremonies, education, and community gatherings throughout history, playing a central role in the spiritual life of Hasankeyf.

The Tigris River, Hasankeyf’s lifeblood, has long been shrouded in stories of mystery and wonder. According to legend, the river holds a mystical power that carries echoes of ancient civilizations and whispers of forgotten gods. The river’s waters are said to have healing properties and bring blessings to those who surrender themselves to its embrace.

Hasankeyf itself is full of legends that add to its charm. Tales of heroic figures, valiant battles and epic love stories intertwine with the city’s architectural wonders and natural wonders. Discover the legend of Seljuk ruler Zeynel Bey, whose tomb stands as a testament to his enduring legacy. Discover the legendary tales of an ancient castle perched on a hill that has preserved its secrets against the test of time.

Let the legends guide your imagination as you explore Hasankeyf and the Tigris River. Hear the whispers of mythical creatures said to inhabit hidden caves and deep riverbeds. Experience the spirit of ancient civilizations that once thrived on the river banks, leaving their mark in the form of magnificent rock tombs, grand mosques, and architectural wonders.

Immerse yourself in the mystical aura of Hasankeyf and the Tigris River, where reality and mythology blend seamlessly. These legends offer a glimpse into the beliefs, traditions, and spiritual significance of the people who have called these lands home throughout the ages. Embark on a journey that transcends time and let the legends of Hasankeyf and the Tigris River capture your imagination and transport you to a realm where history and myth meet.